Cretan and Mycenaean

The destruction of the Cretan palaces about 1450 BC (that of Knossos took place shortly after 1400 BC) was followed by the decline of the Minoans and the subsequent rise of the Mycenaeans. Some scholars have connected this change with the volcanic eruption … Continue reading →

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Land Use and Ownership in Africa

Before Africa was colonized, Africans farmed or herded with little or no regard for land ownership. Land was shared by clans, communities, or ethnic groups, and was often shared between groups as well. One group may have farmed a piece of land for … Continue reading →

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Kongo and Portuguese Interference in Africa

Portuguese interference in Africa disrupted the Kongo traditional system. Before 1000 Bantu-speaking farmers had developed numerous small states in the hills and valleys of present-day Angola and in the woodland savanna country on either side of the lower Congo River. By 1400 … Continue reading →

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Kongo Sculpture in Central Africa

The Kongo people live along the lower Congo River in the western DRC and in neighboring countries. In addition to the brass crosses discussed earlier, the Kongo are noted for several distinctive types of sculpture in Central Africa. Wooden figures known as nkisi … Continue reading →

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Kuba Art Forms in Central Africa

Kuba peoples in the DRC developed an elaborate culture of court ceremonials and art that focused on the king. The Kuba people had art forms that was unique in central Africa. This royal art reached its height in a series of seated wooden figures … Continue reading →

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Kingdom of Ghana

The Kingdom of Ghana arose among the Soninke-speaking farmers of the transition area between desert and woodland in what is now southeastern Mauritania. Ghana exploited its strategic position between the gold-producing peoples of the south and the camel caravans of desert nomad traders to … Continue reading →

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Law Concerning Divorce: Deuteronomy 24:1-4

24:1 “When a man takes a wife and marries her, and it happens that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some uncleanness in her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce, puts it in … Continue reading →

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Laban’s Covenant with Jacob: Genesis 31:43-55

31:43 And Laban answered and said to Jacob, “These daughters are my daughters, and these children are my children, and this flock is my flock; all that you see is mine. But what can I do this day to these … Continue reading →

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King Og Defeated: Numbers 21:33-35

21:33 And they turned and went up by the way to Bashan. So Og king of Bashan went out against them, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei. 34 Then the LORD said to Moses,”Do not fear him, … Continue reading →

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Laban Pursues Jacob: Genesis 31:22-42

 31:22 And Laban was told on the third day that Jacob had fled. 23 Then he took his brethren with him and pursued him for seven days’ journey, and he overtook him in the mountains of Gilead. 24 But God … Continue reading →

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